Cartridge having hardenable cycloaliphatic derivatives for bore hole-filling masses

ABSTRACT

A two-chamber cartridge for fastening anchor elements in holes of a support structure is prepared. The chambers contain cycloaliphatic compounds and the reaction initiators. The separator separating the two chambers is destroyed inside the bore hole so that the mixing of the cycloaliphatic compounds and the reaction initiators can take place.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATES APPLICATION

This is a continuation-in-part application under 37 CFR 1.62 of co-pending prior application Ser. No. 07/623,239, filed Dec. 4, 1990 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,157,072.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND PRIOR ART

The present invention relates to a two-chamber cartridge for fastening anchor rods in bore holes. One chamber of the cartridge contains as polymerizable, curable compounds, hardenable cycloaliphatic compounds and the other chamber contains the reaction initiators. The cartridge is destructible inside the bore hole where the mixing of the polymerizable compound and the reaction initiator takes place.

As hardenable masses for filling bore holes, mixtures, particularly solutions of unsaturated polyesters with or in low molecular weight, monoethylenically unsaturated monomers with a terminal H₂ C═C<group, such as styrene, vinyltoluene, vinyl acetate, C₁ to C₁₈ alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid have gained acceptance on a large extent in the last two decades. These monomers, which are capable of copolymerizing with the unsaturated polyester resins, are frequently also referred to as cross linking agents. They are useful reactants for curing compositions for filling bore holes by free radical polymerizations. Nevertheless, they are also afflicted with technical, physiological and toxicological problems, which are not fully compensated for by their high profitability. Consideration must be given, for instance, to such matters as the more stringent legal injunctions relating to industrial hygiene, as for example, in the case of styrene. For the efficient standard reactant, "monostyrene", the carcinogenic effect is being checked at the present time at the request of the Senate Committee for Testing Materials Injurious to Health. Since the MAK¹ has been lowered once again to 22 ppm/Nm³ and the BAT value² fixed at 2 g/L, not only industrial hygiene, but also environmental problems arise when monostyrene-containing polyester masses for filling bore holes are processed. These problems are due not only to the odor of the materials.

Furthermore, there have been advances in quality assurance, particularly in the area of load-bearing, fastening techniques. For these advances, bore hole-filling masses are required, which, when the simple and nevertheless reliable methods of processing, which are required, are employed--the processing is not always carried out by experts--meet the requirements of the industrial hygiene and environmental injunctions and, in addition, provide improvements in properties, such as a long shelf life, increased adhesion--even on moist substrates--rapid curing, slight shrinkage, increased pull-out values with relative small coefficients of variation, etc.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to provide an improved cartridge of the general type having the disclosed inventive compounds as the polymerizable compounds and the reaction initiators.

Another object of the invention is to provide such an improved cartridge in which the admixture of the polymerizable compound and the reaction initiator is facilitated inside a bore hole.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In FIGS. 1 and 3, we have illustrated the cartridge according to the prior art. The chamber 1 contains the polymerizable compound and the chamber 2 contains the reaction initiators.

FIGS. 2 and 4 are, respectively, the end views of the cartridge in FIGS. 1 and 3. These cartridges are commonly known as pressing devices and are generally available in the market. The mixing of the two components in these cartridges takes place outside the bore hole. The U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,430,449 (Novotny et al.) and 3,705,646 (Jankowski et al.) disclose the prior art.

FIG. 5 represents the present invention in which the chambers 1 and 2 contain the inventive polymerizable compounds and the reaction initiators, respectively, as disclosed in this application.

The cartridge is insertable into a bore hole where it can be easily destroyed by, for example, an anchoring bolt or rod, as is well known in the art (see Pat. No. 3,705,646, col. 3, lines 41-45). Thus, the mixing of the inventive compounds takes place within the bore hole. The reaction initiator 2 is within a first chamber which is separated from a second chamber containing the polymerizable compounds 1 by a separator. The second chamber may also contain the disclosed unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester. Moreover, the inventive accelerators and fillers may also be present in either or both the chambers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The inventive, curable bore hole-filling masses, packages in tubes, cartridges, cans, hobbocks, etc., have a shelf life of several months. Before use, they are mixed homogeneously with the reaction initiators. In the case of pre-proportioned packages, such as glass or plastic cartridges as 2-chamber systems or in the case of microencapsulated systems, mixing and activating take place, for example, only in the bore hole.

It has now been discovered that the use of cyloaliphatic compounds of the general formula A ##STR1## which can be cured by polymerization and are substituted by one or more ethylenically unsaturated groups in or as bore hole-filling masses for fastening anchorages in accommodating materials leads to products or fastenings with superior, advantageous properties. In this connection, the ethylenically unsaturated groups, such as the acrylic acid or methacrylic acid groups can be combined with the cycloaliphatic materials directly or over intermediate links, such as divalent, optionally substituted, aliphatic hydrocarbon or polyol groups. The curing or polymerization takes place by means of reaction initiators commonly used for compounds of this type, for example, free radical-forming hardeners, such as peroxy compounds, or also, for example, through high-energy radiation. The bore hole-filling masses may contain other components, which are suitable for bore hole-filling masses, such as accelerators, stabilizers, viscosity modifiers, fillers, thixotropizing agents and/or other polymerizable compounds, or compounds capable of copolymerizing with the aforementioned, ethylenically unsaturated, substituted cycloaliphatic compounds, particularly polyesters, epoxide acrylates and the like.

Cycloaliphatic compounds of the aforementioned type and their synthesis are already known (for example, German Offenlegungsschriften 28 25 737, 29 31 925, 32 15 932; EP-A1 0 047 120 and EP-A2 0 072 127; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,097,677, 4,299,761 and 4,400,413). The current use of the compounds in the present invention could, however, not be derived from the usefulness of these compounds as coating materials and lacquers that is described there.

Surprisingly, the compounds, used pursuant to the invention for the bore hole-filling masses or for their synthesis, endow these bore hole-filling masses with a series of properties or characteristics, which, particularly in their combination, were previously not achievable in bore hole-filling masses with the conventional and known compounds. These properties or characteristics include, in particular, the following:

a low viscosity

an extremely low volatility

an extremely high boiling point

a high flash point

a low toxicity

hydrophobicity

a high compatibility with many polymers and resins

a relatively low internal shrinkage, even in the case of homopolymerization

high adhesion at the interfaces after curing

very high hydrolytic stability even under alkaline and acidic conditions

The compounds, which are used in the reactive bore hole-filling masses, preferably are derivatives of esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids with compounds from the group of the cyclic olefins, such as mono-, di- and polycycloalkenes, the fulvenes, such as triafulvenes, pentafulvenes, heptafulvenes, pentalenes and hydro-pentalenes and their homologs. These include also the fulvalenes. These compounds are primarily cyclopentadiene, cyclohexadiene and cycloheptadiene derivatives with or without semicyclic double bonds. The norbornenes, norbonadienes, decalins, cyclic decanes, terpenes and their homologs, particularly those with cyclopentane rings (in some cases, these are also referred to as iridoids) also belong to this group. Particularly preferred in the new bore hole-filling masses is the inventive use of cycloaliphatic compounds of the formula ##STR2## wherein A has the meaning given above

R is a hydrocarbon group of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, which is optionally substituted by hydroxy, nitrile, halogen and/or C₁ -C₄ alkyl and preferably is an acrylic, methacrylic and/or crotonic acid,

X is --O--, --N(R²)--, --NH--C(O)-- and/or the R--C(O)--X-- group represents an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid imide group, preferably the maleic acid imide group,

R¹ is a saturated or unsaturated, at least divalent hydrocarbon group, which is optionally substituted with hydroxy, amino, C₁ -C₈ alkyl, C₁ -C₈ alkoxy and/or oxyalkyl and preferably is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and optionally has --C(O)--O--, --O--C(O)--O--, --O--C(O)--, --O--, --C(O)--, --NH--C(O)--NH--, --NR² -- and/or --NH--C(O)-- bridging elements,

R² can be H, R--C(O)--, --R¹ --A and/or C₁ -C₄ alkyl and

n is 1 to 5.

In the compounds of formula (I), R can be a hydrocarbon group, such as methacrylic acid, chloroacrylic acid, cyanoacrylic acid and the like, the acrylic and methacrylic acid groups being particularly preferred.

Especially preferred are compounds in which X is oxygen.

The R¹ group contains at least one R--C(O)--X group, wherein R and X can have the above meaning. In the event that there are several R--C(O)--X groups within the one molecule, the R groups and/or the X groups can be the same or different. Bridging elements of the R¹ group, which may be present, can be disposed within the R¹ group, namely in the case of the aliphatic R¹ groups, and/or terminally or on one side or both sides of X or A as bridging groups of the R¹ group. In a quite particularly preferred embodiment, R¹ is an at least divalent, optionally substituted glycol or polyol group with 2 to 6 carbon atoms, the divalent group of an aliphatic oxycarboxylic acid with 2 to 18 carbon atoms or the divalent group of a carboxylic acid C₂ -C₆ glycol ester or a C₆ -C₈₀ polyalkylene glycol ester. R¹ may, for example, also be a C₁ -C₄ alkylene group, which is optionally substituted with lower molecular weight alkyl groups. Preferably, the R¹ group is linked over an ether bridging group or an ester group with the A group. In a further group, which can be used and is well suitable, the cycloaliphatic, ethylenically unsaturated, substituted compounds have the following general formula ##STR3## wherein R is an allyl or vinyl group and X, R¹, A and n can have the above meanings.

Particularly preferred is the use of compounds of the formula (I), in which --X--R¹ -- can be ##STR4## as well as groups of the general formulas ##STR5## and/or --(CH₂)_(m), R³ are the same or different and can be branched and unbranched as well as cyclic alkylene groups with 1 to 50 and preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, arylene groups, aralkylene groups and/or acyl groups with 1 to 20 carbon atoms,

R⁴ is, H, Cl, CN, OH, C₁ -C₄ alkyl,

R⁵ is --CH═CH--, --CH₂ --CH₂, ##STR6## m is 0 to 50 and p is 1 to 20.

In a further preferred group, the compounds have the formulas ##STR7## wherein y is R--CO-- and/or A, with the proviso that at least one of the y groups is R--CO-- and A and R have the above meanings.

Particularly preferred are esters of different unsaturated carboxylic acids, especially acrylic and methacrylic acids, with a glycol monodicyclopentenyl ether of the general formulas: ##STR8## as well as the esters of various unsaturated carboxylic acids, especially acrylic and methacrylic acid, with terpene alcohols of the general formula ##STR9## wherein R, R¹, R⁴ and m have the above meanings.

Furthermore, the following have proven their value:

dihydrodicyclopentadienyl esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids

dicyclopentenyloxyalkyl esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids

bornyl and isobornyl esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as isobornyl methacrylate

esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids with tricyclic decane diols containing ether groups and having the following general formula: ##STR10## esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic and methacrylic acids, with tricyclic decanols of the general formula: ##STR11## wherein the tricyclo-[5.2.1.0.².6 ]-decane is disubstituted in the 3,8-, 3,9-or 4,8 position, with an R--CO--X--R¹ group, wherein R¹ represents ##STR12## and X, R, R¹, R³, R⁴, n and m in the above formulas have the previously given meanings.

Examples of such compounds are the esters of

3,8-di(hydroxymethyl)-tricyclo-5.2.1.0².6. -decane or

3,9-di(hydroxymethyl)-tricyclo-5.2.1.0².6. -decane or

4,8-di(hydroxymethyl)-tricyclo-5.2.1.0².6. -decane

with diacrylic or dimethacrylic acids and esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and crotonic acid, with alpha- or beta-decalol, such as

tricyclo-5.2.1.0.².6 -decane-8-ol or -9-ol and

tricyclo-5.2.1.0.².6 -decane-3- or -4-ylmethanol.

Some examples of these are ##STR13##

Particularly good results are obtained with cycloaliphatic compounds of the formulas ##STR14## wherein R⁴ can have the above meanings.

Compounds of the formulas ##STR15## wherein R³ and R⁴ have the aforementioned meanings, m is 0 to 10 and particularly 0 to 5 and n is 1 to 3 and trinorbornene-ethoxy-trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, dinorbornene-polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate have also proven to be useful.

Compounds with olefinic, allyl-like unsaturation in the cycloaliphatic system, as shown by some of the above-mentioned compounds, possess dual curing functions, that is, they can be cured by free radical means as well as by autoxidation. This dual reactivity and the extremely high boiling point of the liquid ester-ether monomers, makes them particularly suitable for bore hole-filling masses, especially because they endow the bore hole-filling masses with properties and characteristics, which could not be attained previously.

Compounds with allyl groups are autoxidizable. If, in a free radical polymerization, for example, the curing agent, such as an organic peroxide, is not mixed homogeneously with the bore hole-filling mass containing inventive compounds having allyl groups, the curing of such a composition is not interrupted if metal catalysts, that is, so-called drying agents or siccatives are present. If a layer of such a bore hole-filling mass is exposed to the action of atmospheric oxygen, the compound experiences autoxidation at the unsaturated site in the ring with subsequent polymerization of the double bond in the ester group. This last polymerization takes place in spite of the action of molecular oxygen, which normally inhibits such a polymerization. If now a backbone polymer, such as an unsaturated polyester, can bring about an effective autoxidation with the compounds of the invention that carry allyl groups because of their chemical structures, then the use of the monomers of the invention results in a dense cross linking. This evidently presupposes extensive chemical bonding as well as physical mixing between the backbone polymer and the compound containing the allyl groups. The autoxidative action of oxygen with a drying agent takes place also when the backbone polymer shows only a slight tendency to autoxidize or no such tendency at all. The flow of free radicals, produced by the autoxidative action, initiates a subsequent vinyl polymerization of the allyl group-containing compound as well as of the backbone polymer carrying an ethylenically unsaturated group. Because of this dual reactivity of the allyl group-containing compound, the bore hole-filling compositions based on backbone polymers with at least one ethylenically unsaturated group provide a high degree of additional functional reliability, particularly because there are many imponderable at the application sites. Since completely anaerobic conditions exist in the fewest of cases in which bore hole-filling masses are used, the allyl group-carrying compounds contribute to the setting and curing even in those cases in which the free-radical polymerization initiator is not mixed in homogeneously or has been forgotten completely. This fact provides a relatively high safety coefficient for the fastening technique and represents significant technical progress.

One of the important properties for suitability as a bore hole-filling mass is the shrinkage behavior. High shrinkage values, such as those that are observed when conventional bore hole-filling masses with monoethylenically unsaturated monomers are cured, cannot be compensated for optimally even by the addition of inert fillers. When fastening an anchor rod in the bore hole, the shrinkage that results during curing causes the joint at the interfaces between the bore hole wall and the bore hole-filling masses to be only interlocking rather than a positive adhesive joint. Consequently, the reliability, when a load is applied, is endangered. These happenings are also responsible for the fact that a relatively very high safety coefficient (3-fold to 4-fold) is prescribed by building regulations when conventional bore hole-filling masses are used. The relatively high shrinkage of the known bore hole-filling masses is also associated with a high brittleness of the cured bore hole-filling compositions. This high brittleness is responsible for the occurrence of dubious critical fastening values under dynamic loading.

Shrinkage is also responsible for the fact that, on interlocking, there is no bore hole-filling mass layer, which seals absolutely. Instead, an annular gap is formed between the fastening element and the bore hole wall. Accordingly, water, corrosive media and gases can diffuse into the annular gap, which is not tightly closed off, especially at the interfaces, and damage the materials and the hardened bore hole-filling mass.

Independently of the above disadvantages, the known bore hole-filling compositions are inhibited--at least at the surfaces--by the oxygen of the surrounding air, because they are built up preferably on the basis of systems, which are cured by free radial initiators. Since this oxygen of the air is present in porous materials in the bottom and in the walls of the bore holes, inhibitions of the curing reactions are also observed beyond the interfacial region. If the curing reaction is inhibited, the bore hole-filling mass is not hardened thoroughly; it remains soft and "tacky" and is responsible for a pronounced weakening of bond strength. Such bore hole-filling mass residues, which are not thoroughly cured, can also additionally contaminate the environment and must be disposed of as hazardous waste.

A further disadvantage of conventional monomers (cross linking agents) in bore hole-filling masses is the low flash point, which requires them to be classified as "combustible"; monostyrene, for example, has a flash point of +30° C. and upper and lower explosion points of +60.8° and +29.1° C. respectively. However, the very low evaporation number of 19.5 (DIN 53 170), the strongly irritating odor and the low MAK (=maximum concentration in the workplace) of monostyrene are negative industrial hygiene and environmental factors, which provide an additional reason for eliminating the causes of these and other disadvantages, when the bore hole-filling compositions are used in residential areas.

The bore hole-filling compositions, obtainable according to the inventive use, can be built up on an inorganic, organometallic and/or organic basis. The unusual properties are fully protected even in combination with backbone polymers and other conventional additives. The bore hole-filling compositions can exist in liquid, pasty, thixotropic, semisolid and/or solid form. Suitable as inorganic monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric compounds are, inter alia, hydraulically setting masses, cements, such as Portland cement, alumina melt cement, plaster, anhydride, magnesite, lime, silicates such as water glass, and also mineral inert materials such as quartz sand, kaolin, etc. The organometallic systems include organosilicon and/or organotitanium compounds, such as vinylsiloxanes and vinylalkyl titanates. Suitable for reactive bore hole-filling masses based on organic monomers, oligomers and/or polymers, are compounds, which can undergo vinyl polyaddition and polymerization reactions, as well as autoxidative cross linking. These include unsaturated monomeric, oligomeric and polymeric compounds, such as vinyl esters, polyesters, acrylates and methacrylates, compounds carrying allyl groups, etc.

The inventive polymerizable and copolymerizable compounds are used preferably in conjunction with resins or backbone polymers, which have at least one ethylenically unsaturated double bond in the molecule. Since such backbone polymers predominantly are viscous to hard, brittle resins, they must be brought into a form suitable for application with an appropriate viscosity and reactivity by mixing them with an unsaturated solvent (reactive diluent). This task can be assumed by the liquid, unsaturated compound of this invention, because, aside from the advantages described above, they also have good compatibility and solubility parameters towards such backbone polymers.

Some compounds of the invention are viscous, semi-solid or solid products. These hardenable, polymerizable and copolymerizable compounds can either be brought into a form suitable for application by mixing them with less viscous products or processed as a reactive bore hole-filling mass.

As backbone polymers, those unsaturated polyester resins are particularly suitable, which have ester groups within the molecular chain as well as in the side groups. The polyesters, in which the ester group is an element within the molecular chain, include those polycondensates, which still have double bonds in the main chain of the molecule and are prepared from dicarboxylic acids and polyalcohols. Examples of the dicarboxylic acids are maleic acid, fumaric acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, sebacic acid, trimellitic acid and dimeric fatty acids.

However, this group also includes phenol acid resins, such as those from 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)valeric acid and also those unsaturated polyester resins with an epoxide resin-like structure.

Numerous compounds come into consideration as polyalcohols. Of these, glycols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and butylene glycol occupy a place of special importance. Such compounds as cyclohexanediol, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, dialkyl maleate, neopentylglycol, etc. are furthermore suitable as polyols.

The polyesters, which have the ester group in the side chain, include the polyacrylates and the polymethacrylates.

Particularly suitable are those unsaturated polyesters, which were obtained by the reaction of compounds carrying epoxide groups with unsaturated carboxylic acids. Such backbone polymers are more resistant to water and saponification and, at the same time, have lower shrinkage values, if for no other reason than that the content of ester groups is relatively low in comparison with conventional polyesters. These unsaturated polyesters are also referred to as epoxide acrylates and epoxide methacrylates in expert circles, because they are preferably synthesized by the reaction of epoxides with acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Crotonic acid is also suitable for this purpose.

Backbone polymers, which are particularly suitable in conjunction with the inventive, polymerizable and copolymerizable compounds, are those acrylic functionalized and methacrylic functionalized epoxide resins, which are synthesized on the basis of bisphenol A and/or F novolaks. These basic epoxides, which are functionalized with unsaturated carboxylic acids, correspond to the general formulas: ##STR16## wherein, R, R¹ and X have the meaning given and n=1 to 5 and m=2 to 50, ##STR17##

The hardenable, polymerizable and copolymerizable cycloaliphatic compounds, contained pursuant to the invention in the bore hole-filling mass, are generally contained in amounts of 5 to 95% by weight, preferably in amounts of 10 to 60% by weight and particularly in amounts of 30 to 50% by weight. If these inventive, hardenable, polymerizable and copolymerizable compounds are used for the copolymerization of reactive bore hole-filling masses together with one or several of the above or other backbone polymers, the mixing ratios by weight are between 20:1 and 1:20 and preferably between 10:1 and 1:10. These mixing ratios are determined primarily by the rheological properties of the backbone polymer and of the application conditions of the reactive bore hole-filling masses. In addition, other polymerizable compounds may also be contained. The above-mentioned dual curing functionality in the compounds carrying allyl groups is retained even if these compounds are present in relatively low concentrations.

The polymerization, which is required for the hardening, can take place strictly as a homopolymerization of an unsaturated carboxylic acid ester derivative containing the cycloaliphatic groups and also by copolymerization of a mixture of such derivatives. Highly preferred, however, is the copolymerization of one or more of such derivatives with oligomeric and/or polymeric compounds or backbone polymers, which contain unsaturated carboxylic acid groups. These include preferably the above, unsaturated polyester resins, particularly the epoxide acrylates.

The polymerization or copolymerization, which is required for the hardening, takes place due to the addition of or homogeneous mixing with reaction initiators require for systems of this type. These include, amongst others, methyl ethyl ketone peroxides, cyclohexane peroxides, dibenzoyl peroxide, p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide, acetylacetone peroxide, cumol hydroperoxide and other polymerization initiators. However, high-energy radiation, such as UV radiation in the presence of a photoinitiator or electron beams can also start the polymerization and copolymerization.

Moreover, the polymerization or copolymerization after addition of one or more reaction initiators can be accelerated by the addition of an accelerator, in order to be able to carry it out also at lower temperatures. For this purpose, accelerators, including those based on heavy metal salts, such as cobalt acetylacetonate and vanadium naphthenate, tertiary amines such as diethylaniline and dimethyl-p-toluidine, are suitable, For the dual curing with the compounds carrying allyl groups, the presence of metal catalysts, such as drying agents or siccatives is indicated, because they assume, aside from their catalytic initiation of the autoxidation reaction, additionally also the function of an accelerator in polymerizing systems. The reaction initiators and accelerators are used, in general, in amounts of 1 to 10% by weight and preferably in amounts of between 1 and 5% by weight, based on the ready-for-use bore hole-filling mass. The bore hole-filling masses, composed according to the inventive use, are produced as 2-chamber systems, the one chamber containing the reaction initiators and the other the polymerizable compounds.

The inventive, curable compositions present in the present invention can be modified by further additives. Suitable additives are, for example, plasticizers, oils, tars, asphalts, bitumens, dyes, pigments, thixotropizing agents, inorganic and/or organic fillers and fibers. Moreover, stabilizers and/or inhibitors can be added to them.

Of importance in bore hole-filling masses are the inorganic and/or organic fillers. Quartz powders and sands, corundums and pulverized rock are particularly suitable as inorganic fillers. Moreover, hollow micro particles of silicates, corundums, etc. can be used. Organic fillers are, for instance, flowers or hollow micro particles of duromers, such as phenol-aldehyde resins.

Such materials as pyrogenic silicas and bentonites are suitable for thixotropizing these inventive, reactive bore hole-filling masses.

The fillers, hollow micro-particles, thixotropizing agents and/or microcapsules, used in the inventive, reactive bore hole-filling masses, can additionally be coated with materials, such as silanes and chromium complexes, which form adhesive bridges, in order, for instances, to attain bonds, which are reinforced at the interfaces. They may also, however, be coated with materials such as fatty acids and fatty esters, to prevent chemisorption.

The reactive bore hole-filling masses with the inventive, hardenable, polymerizable and copolymerizable compounds can be used in all areas of fastening technique, particularly in construction, underground civil engineering and mining and in machinery and equipment construction.

The invention relating to the inventive compounds is described in greater detail in the following examples, it being understood, however, that these examples are given by way of illustration and not by way of limitation.

EXAMPLES 1 to 15

The compositions of the inventive, reactive bore hole-filling masses are summarized in Table 1.

The bore hole-filling masses are prepared in a planetary mixer in such a manner that, if necessary, to begin with, the backbone polymer is dissolved in or diluted with one or several of the inventive, cycloaliphatic, unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives and, subsequently, the accelerators, diethylaniline, dimethyl-p-toluidine and/or cobalt octoate, are added and mixed in homogeneously. Into the pre-accelerated basic mixture, plasticizers and the pyrogenic silica (thixotropizing agent) are then optionally incorporated. In addition, a dissolver can be used to disintegrate the pyrogenic silica. Finally, the fillers, quartz powders and sands, corundum and diatomaceous earth are incorporated and stirred in the planetary mixer, until a homogeneous mixture is achieved. The bore hole-filling masses are then degassed and filled into packing containers.

The molecular weights of the backbone polymers used are:

    ______________________________________     bisphenol A methacrylate  492 to 775     novolak epoxide acrylate    780 to 1,200     (bisphenol F, difunctional)     di-(methylacroylmaleoyl)-tricyclo-5.2.1.0.sup.2.6. -decane                               709     ______________________________________

The plasticizers used were dioctyl phthalate and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate.

The bore hole-filling masses of examples 1 to 15 are products, which can be metered out and are intended, for instance, for solid substrates such as concrete, solid brick, rock, etc.

EXAMPLE 16

A shear connector cartridge of the M12 size was prepared as follows:

a) Outer Cartridge

The glass cartridge used for this purpose had the following characteristics:

    ______________________________________     glass weight:          5.6    g     external diameter of glass:                            10.75  mm     glass wall thickness   0.55   mm     cartridge length:      110    mm     ______________________________________

The inner cartridge, described below, was placed in this outer cartridge and the remaining space filled with

3.0 g of bisphenol A methacrylate, pre-accelerated with amine

1.3 g of dicyclopentenyloxyethyl methacrylate

6.6 g of quartz sand, 1.5 to 2.0 mm.

b) Inner Cartridge

The glass cartridge had the following characteristics

    ______________________________________     glass weight:          1.2    g     external diameter of glass:                            6.3    mm     glass wall thickness:  0.65   mm     cartridge length:      80     mm     ______________________________________

This inner tube was filled with dibenzoyl peroxide, 20%, stabilized with chalk.

EXAMPLE 17

A solid, unsaturated polyester resin³ (34.5 parts by weight) was dissolved in 28.0 parts by weight of dicyclopentenyloxyethyl methacrylate in a planetary mixer and pre-accelerated with 1.2 parts by weight of diethylamine. Subsequently, 4.2 parts by weight of dioctyl phthalate and 4.0 parts by weight of pyrogenic silica (with a specific surface area of about 200 m² /g) were incorporated with a dissolver (3,500 r.p.m.). Into this homogeneous mass, 28.1 parts by weight of hollow microparticles of silicate (0.02 to 0.15 mm) were stirred with the planetary mixer (120 r.p.m.). Finally, 2.2 parts by weight of dibenzoyl peroxide paste (50% in plasticizer) were mixed in.

The composition has the following characteristics:

    ______________________________________     gel time (t.sub.gel):                       5 to 8 minutes     viscosity:        260 ± 30 Pa × sec     liquid limit:     950 ± 50 Pa × sec     density:          9.85 g/cc     ______________________________________

This bore hole-filling mass, which can be metered out, is particularly suitable for cavity walls.

EXAMPLE 18

Siloxane dimethacrylate (25 parts by weight with a molecular weight of 1,200) was mixed at a temperature of +50° C. in the planetary mixer with 25 parts by weight of di-(methylacryloyl-maleoyl)-tricyclo-5.2.1.0².6 -decane and 1.8 parts by weight of cobalt octoate (6% cobalt) until a homogeneous mixture was obtained. Subsequently, 4.2 parts by weight of pyrogenic silica (with a specific surface are of 200 m² /g) were added and incorporated with a dissolver (3,500 r.p.m.). Following this, 44 parts by weight of hollow micro-particles of silicate (0.1 to 0.7 mm) were added. Finally, 4.2 parts by weight of cumoyl hydroperoxide, 80% in cumol, were added and mixed in homogeheously.

The composition had the following characteristics:

    ______________________________________     gel time (t.sub.gel):                       10 to 15 minutes     viscosity:        210 ± 20 Pa × sec     liquid limit:     900 to 950 Pa × sec     density:          0.98 g/cc     ______________________________________

EXAMPLE 19

The following pre-accelerated 1-component bore hole-filling mass was prepared in a planetary mixer:

    ______________________________________     60  parts by weight                     novolak epoxide acrylate, bisphenol F-type,                     pre-accelerated with microencapsulated                     cobalt acetylacetonate     40  parts by weight                     dicyclopentenylethyl methacrylate     1   part by weight                     pyrogenic silica (200 m.sup.2 /g)     2   parts by weight                     zinc oxide     1   part by weight                     magnesium oxide     40  parts by weight                     hollow micro-particles of magnesium                     calcium silicate with a particle size of                     0.3 mm     1   part by weight                     methacrylic acid     15  parts by weight                     microencapsulated cumol hydroperoxide,                     50% in cumol, with a particle size of 0.1 mm     2   parts by weight                     microencapsulated cobalt acetylacetonate     38  parts by weight                     quartz sand, coated with vinylsilane, with a                     particle size of 0.1 to 0.25 mm     ______________________________________

The 1-component bore hole-filling mass was filled into polyethylene cartridges and was ready for use.

EXAMPLE 20

Example 19 was repeated. However, dibenzoyl peroxide microcapsules and, as accelerators, microencapsulated diethylaniline and microencapsulated dimethyl-p-toluidine were used instead of cumol hydroperoxide microcapsules in the same proportions by weight.

The inventive, reactive bore hole-filling masses of Examples 1 to 20 were tested for their curing, pull-out values and bond strengths. The following values were obtained:

Concrete, cavity walls, rock and solid brick were chosen as building materials. The concrete used corresponded to the qualities B15, B25, B35 and B45. The B35 concrete used had the following values:

    B35--actual strength=48 N/mm.sup.2

The threaded rods used corresponded to M12, 5.8 and M12, 12.9, high strength.

The bore holes had the following characteristics:

    ______________________________________     depth:                    110 mm     diameter for 2-component composition:                               14 mm     diameter for 1-component  12.8 mm     composition with micro-     encapsulated hardener systems:     ______________________________________

The test data obtained are average values of 5 tests and summarized in Table 2.

                                      TABLE 1     __________________________________________________________________________                    Borehole-Filling Mass-Composition No. (Parts by Weight)     Raw Materials  1  2  3  4  5   6  7  8  9  10  11 12 13 14 15     __________________________________________________________________________     Bisphenol A methacrylate                    22.2                       -- 7.63                             21.3                                --  -- -- -- -- --  22.2                                                       -- 10.0                                                             -- --     Novolak epoxide acrylate                    -- 34.5                          9.85                             -- --  -- -- -- 27.0                                                14.5                                                    -- 30.5                                                          10.0                                                             -- --     Di-(methylacryloyl-maleo-                    -- -- -- 5.8                                --  20.5                                       20.5                                          20.5                                             -- 11.0                                                    -- -- 8.0                                                             -- --     yl)-tricyclo-5.2.1.0..sup.2.6 -     decane     Dicyclopentenyloxyethyl                    13.2                       28.0                          16.14                             10.0                                48.2                                    -- -- -- -- --  -- -- -- -- --     methacrylate     Dicyclopentenyloxyethyl                    -- -- -- -- --  16.5                                       -- -- -- --  -- 10.5                                                          -- 45.0                                                                --     crotonate     3-Methacryloyl-oxymethyl-                    -- -- -- -- --  -- 14.5                                          -- -- --  -- -- -- -- --     tricyclo-5.2.1.0.sup.2.5 -decane     3-Methacryloylglycolicacid                    -- -- -- -- --  -- -- 17.0                                             -- --  -- -- -- -- --     2-ylester     Dimethacryloxymethyl-                    -- -- -- -- --  -- -- -- -- --  13.2                                                       -- -- -- 38.0     tricyclododecane     Dihydrodicyclopentadienyl                    -- -- -- -- --  -- -- -- -- --  -- -- 12.0                                                             -- --     methacrylate     Isobornyl methacrylate                    -- -- -- -- --  -- -- -- -- 15.0                                                    -- -- -- -- --     Decalyl-2-methacrylate                    -- -- -- -- --  -- -- -- 13.0                                                --  -- -- -- --     Quartz powder 0-0.063 mm                    -- 27.1                          14.0                             -- --  23.0                                       -- -- -- --  -- 10.5                                                          -- 14.5                                                                18.0     Quartz sand, 0.1-0.025 mm                    30.0                       -- 46.96                             52.46                                23.0                                    20.8                                       -- 21.2                                             -- --  30.0                                                       20.0                                                          26.9                                                             14.6                                                                22.0     Quartz sand, 0.3-0.65 mm                    30.1                       -- -- -- --  -- -- 30.6                                             45.0                                                --  30.1                                                       19.1                                                          20.0                                                             14.5                                                                --     Quartz sand, 1.5-2.0 mm                    -- -- -- -- --  -- -- -- -- 49.7                                                    -- -- -- -- --     Al corundum, 1-2 mm                    -- -- -- -- --  -- 56.55                                          -- 10.0                                                 -- -- -- -- -- --     Silica, pyrogenic                    -- 4.0                          0.66                             2.66                                0.55                                    3.2                                       4.2                                          4.5                                             3.5                                                2.8 -- 3.4                                                          2.8                                                             5.0                                                                4.3     Diatomaceous earth                    -- -- -- -- 22.0                                    10.0                                       -- -- -- --  -- -- -- -- 11.7     Dibenzoyl peroxide, 20% in                    -- -- -- -- --  -- -- -- -- --  -- -- 6.0                                                             -- --     chalk     Dibenzoyl peroxide, 50% in                    4.45                       2.2                          4.52                             3.7                                2.93                                    -- -- -- -- --  4.45                                                       -- -- -- --     plasticizer     Cumol hydroperoxide, 80%                    -- -- -- -- --  4.8                                       3.5                                          4.2                                             4.5                                                4.9 -- 4.2                                                          3.0                                                             4.8                                                                4.1     Diethylaniline -- --  0.04                             0.16                                0.32                                    -- -- -- -- --  -- -- 0.5                                                             -- --     Dimethyl-p-toluidine                    0.05                       -- -- -- --  -- -- -- -- --  0.05                                                       -- 0.05                                                             -- --     Plasticizer    -- 4.2                          0.2                             3.92                                3.00                                    -- -- -- -- --  -- -- -- -- --     Cobalt octoate, 6% Co                    -- -- -- -- --  1.2                                       0.75                                          2.0                                             2.0                                                2.1 -- 1.8                                                          0.75                                                             1.6                                                                1.9     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 2     __________________________________________________________________________     Test Values     Borehole-Filling               Gel Time                    Curing Time                           Pull-Out                                 Bond Strength     Mass, Example No.               Minutes                    Minutes                           Value - kN                                 N/mm.sup.2                                         Comments     __________________________________________________________________________      1        3-4  35     74    --      concrete B35, anchor rod 8.8      2        5-7  35     80    --      concrete B35, anchor rod 12.9, high                                         strength      3        6-7  30     5.8   --      hollow perforated brick 6 (Poroton)                           14.5  --      chalky sandstone (KSL 12)      4        60   480    34.5  --      concrete B15 anchor rod 5.8                           48.9  --      concrete B45      5        4    25     97.4  --      concrete B25, slightly reinforced                                         (1")      6        3    20     24.5  --      brick (actual strength = 40                                         N/mm.sup.2)      7        6-7  35     52.3  --      concrete B35, anchor rod 5.8      8        5    25     40.8  --      concrete B35, anchor rod 5.8      9        4-6  25     55.2  --      concrete B35, anchor rod 5.8     10        3    20     52.7  --      concrete B35, anchor rod 5.8     11        5    25     50.1  --      concrete B35, anchor rod 5.8     12        6    30     50.9  --      concrete B35, anchor rod 5.8     13        4    25     49.3  --      concrete B35, anchor rod 5.8     14        5    30     44.6  --      concrete B35, anchor rod 5.8     15        4-5  30     39.4  --      concrete B35, anchor rod 5.8     16        4-5  30     71.0  ≧12                                         concrete B35, anchor rod 12.9 high                                         strength     17        8    40     51    --      hollow perforated brick (Poroton)     18        7    35     45.3  --      concrete B35, anchor rod 5.8     19        2-3  25     68    ≧14                                         concrete B35, anchor rod 8.8     20        1-2  20     72    ≧10                                         concrete B35, anchor rod     __________________________________________________________________________                                         8.8 

We claim:
 1. A cartridge for fastening anchor elements in holes of a support structure, comprising a separator separating a first chamber containing a reaction initiator from a second chamber containing a polymerizable compound, said polymerizable compound being a member (A) selected from the group consisting of ##STR18## said member being substituted by at least one ethylenically unsaturated group.
 2. The cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the second chamber also contains an unsaturated polyester.
 3. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the second chamber also contains a vinyl ester.
 4. The cartridge according to claim 2, wherein the unsaturated polyester present in the second chamber is prepared from dicarboxylic acid and a polyalcohol, the polyalcohol being selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, dialkyl maleate, cyclohexanediol, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and neopentylglycol.
 5. The cartridge according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reaction initiator is a peroxide selected from the group consisting of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexane peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide, acetylacetone peroxide and cumol peroxide.
 6. The cartridge according to claim 1, which further comprises an accelerator in the first chamber, the second chamber, or both.
 7. The cartridge according to claim 6, wherein the accelerator is selected from the group consisting of cobalt acetylacetonate, vanadium naphthenate, diethylaniline and dimethyl-p-toluidine.
 8. The cartridge according to claim 6, wherein the reaction initiator and the accelerator are present in an amount of approximately between 1 to 10% by weight.
 9. The cartridge according to claims 1 or 6, which further comprises a filler in the first chamber, the second chamber, or both, wherein the filler is selected from the group consisting of quartz powder, sand, corundum, pulverized rock, hollow micro-particles of silicates, and hollow micro-particles of duromers.
 10. A cartridge for fastening anchor elements in holes of a support structure, comprising a separator separating a first chamber containing a reaction initiator from a second chamber comprising a polymerizable compound of claim 1, and further comprising that the cartridge is destructible in the holes so that the mixing of the reaction initiator and the polymerizable compound takes place in the holes.
 11. The cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the cartridge is destructible in the holes so that the mixing of the reaction initiator and the polymerizable compound takes place in the holes. 